International Journal of Education and Cognitive Sciences
Volume:1 Issue: 4, Winter 2021

The present study aims was to examine the relationship between sensation seeking, happiness with marital satisfaction in female teachers of high school in Ahwaz.  In doing so, 260teachers from the education office of 4 districts Ahvaz were selected using random sampling. The sample responded to the Sensation Seeking Scale (Zuckerman, 1987), Work Motivation and Job Satisfaction Scale (Akinboye’s, 2001) and Satisfaction Marital Questionnaire (Olson, et al., 1987). Data analysis involved both descriptive and inferential statistics including mean, standard deviation, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Sensation seeking, Motivation and Job Satisfaction showed significant correlation with marital satisfaction. Results of multi regression analysis also revealed that overall, sensation seeking; Motivation and Job Satisfaction can predict 0.29 changes of marital satisfaction. Job satisfaction and Work Motivation and Marital satisfaction helps people to be successful cheerful and likely to experience a fulfilling life and manage sensation seeking which motivated to continuously work for things that will make them happy and experience new emotions.

Addiction is a physical and mental disease, causes various societal problems, including decline in public Health, mortality, social and domestic traumas, loss of educational and occupational opportunities in all aspects of life. This study aimed at comparing relapse of addiction in the personality characteristics of addicted individuals. The present study aims to examine the relationship between personality sketches with addiction relapse in addicted people.  The research sample included addicted and former addicted person with addiction and no addiction relapse who referring to Raha Kish clinical center, Iran. Participants were selected using random sampling. The instrument was the Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory (MMPI). The hypotheses were tested using multiple analyses of variance, step by step differential analysis and between subjects effect test.  Results showed that there is a meaningful difference between addicted person who relapse and those who do not relapse. Also all clinical scale could predict personality sketch but 3 in those addicted who do not have relapse. Addicted person who do not have relapse outperform in personality sketch in compare with those addicted who have relapse because of lower personality trait.

The present study aimed at comparing social skills and assertiveness of girl pupils of grade fifth in elementary schools of Arak city by applying different parenting styles including (permissive, Authoritative and authoritarian) in the academic year of 2012-2013. For doing so, a sample of 180 persons was selected among the fifth grade students in elementary schools of Arak city as study subjects. Gambrill and Richey’s assertiveness questionnaire, Matson’s Social skills questionnaire and Baumrind’s parenting questionnaire were employed to measure pupils’ social skills, assertiveness and parenting styles respectively. Results shows that there is a significant difference between levels of social skills in parenting styles and also between levels of assertiveness in parenting styles. The attitudes, assumptions and family behavior have the highest level of effect on children personality. Authoritarian parenting styles let the children get obedient personality which is accompanied with less creativity and less social skills but applying democratic parenting style causes children to have much more creativity and through their parents support they increase social skills. Furthermore democratic parenting style creates much more assertiveness and authoritarian styles lessen the assertiveness. The authoritarian parenting styles cause enmity and hostility between parents and their children, theses in their own turn, create complexes which can affect the whole life of persons and individuals.

The current study aimed at finding if there is any significant difference between male and female participants in the type of refusal strategies they use across different age and education levels as well as politeness systems. 

110 Persian native speakers, 48 male and 42 female took a Discourse Completion Test (DCT) which included 8 scenarios in each of which the respondents were presented with a situation in which they had to respond to a stimulus by rejecting it. The answers given to each item were analyzed and coded by an expert in pragmatics based on the taxonomy employed by Beebe, Takahashi and Uliss-Weltz (1990). To investigate the first research questions a series of Mann-Whitney U Test was used. Also, to investigate the effect of age (the second research question), educational background (the third research question), and the politeness system (the fourth research question) on the use of refusal strategies, three sets of Kruskal-Wallis H Tests were carried out using SPSS. 

Based on the results obtained, male and female participants were found to differ significantly only in their use of the ‘regret’ type of refusal strategies. A significant difference was observed among the age groups, different educational backgrounds and different politeness systems.

There are significant differences in refusal strategies based on gender, age, educational backgrounds and politeness systems.

The Lives of Others won 2006 Academy Award for best foreign language film. This movie exposes the unlimited potential of human beings; it is a multidimensional movie, which concludes tragedy, political oppression, intrigue, and betrayal. This paper aims to examine lives of women in the light of sociological outlook of gendered subaltern and also the concept of Self and Other in “The Lives of Others”.  The methodology of this study is qualitative library-based. It portrays the life of people in East Berlin in 1984, five years before the fall of Berlin Wall. It is found that this movie is successful in portraying the male citizens’ exploitation, and hardship of their activist’s task, but it marginalizes women and portrays them as those of ignorant gendered subalterns who do not have any voice of themselves and do not know how to use the language which is the tool for maintaining Otherness and protecting the Self. Women are portrayed as others since they are capable of betrayal under pressure and they are deviant as the result of being the only person in the movie to be addicted to drag. On the whole they are those who are not capable of being among decision makers even those men decision makers who are considered as others before Stasi.